The implied Sharpe ratio

In an incomplete market, including liquidly traded European options in an investment portfolio could potentially improve the expected terminal utility for a risk-averse investor. However, unlike the Sharpe ratio, which provides a concise measure of the relative investment attractiveness of different underlying risky assets, there is no such measure available to help investors choose among the different European options. We introduce a new concept—the implied Sharpe ratio—which allows investors to make such a comparison in an incomplete financial market. Specifically, when comparing various European options, it is the option with the highest implied Sharpe ratio that, if included in an investor's portfolio, will improve his expected utility the most. Through the method of Taylor series expansion of the state-dependent coefficients in a nonlinear partial differential equation, we also establish the behaviour of the implied Sharpe ratio with respect to an investor's risk-aversion parameter. In a series of numerical studies, we compare the investment attractiveness of different European options by studying their implied Sharpe ratio.     

Does air pollution change a firm's business strategy for employing capital and labor?

We examine the impact of air pollution on a firm's capital-labor ratio. We propose the hypothesis that, in dealing with air pollution, a firm responds strategically by using relatively more capital and less labor to contain labor costs and remain competitive in the market. Using a sample of Chinese firms and a satellite-based air pollution metric, we test this hypothesis, and our results confirm it. In addition, we document that the impact of air pollution on the capital-labor ratio is more salient for firms with high economic incentives and close monitoring. Further, we report that to respond to worsening air pollution, a firm uses more capital and substitutes lower-quality labor with more high-quality labor. Finally, after increasing the capital-labor ratio, a firm's value increases, in terms of Tobin's Q, suggesting that the adoption of a higher capital-labor ratio, due to air pollution, is a sound business strategy.     

Land use regulation and urban land value: Evidence from China

Land use regulation has always been regarded as one of the most crucial means of macro-control of urban growth, which can affect a city’s land values directly and further determine related urban economic well-being. Since the New Type Urbanization Strategy proposed by the government in 2014, China’s mode of urban growth has been transformed from addressing “quantity” to “quality" in the urbanization process. In this case, the regulation of land use by the Chinese government plays a more important role in urban growth. With their planned land regulatory scheme, the various instruments employed by Chinese governments have quite different mechanisms influencing land prices. However, there are no rigorous studies focusing on the land use regulation system and its impact on land values to date, particular in China. This study seeks to explore how land use regulation affects urban land values through the systematic lens. We summarize the main land use regulatory instruments based on the analysis of China’s planned land use system and urban land banking system, including the construction land quota, constraints on the allowed floor area ratio (FAR) of each land transaction parcel, and land supply restrictions. A new dataset based on land transaction data from 2007 to 2016 that covers 286 prefectural cities from the country’s coastal, central, and western regions is used in the empirical analysis. The results show that the effects of the floor area ratio (FAR) on land values are significant and positive, with the residential and commercial land supply ratio being a key factor. Moreover, the results imply that the effects of constraints on FAR and commercial land supply vary between regions. These findings indicate that the Chinese land market is considerably distorted by excessive administrative interventions by local governments, in the stage of urban transition guided, the capable regulatory instruments could play an important role in adjusting urban land prices and hence impact on urban growth.     

访华日本国际客源市场之细分研究

日本作为国际客源市场形成于其高速发展的经济成长期,在中国改革开放后,这一市场对中国国际客源市场的发展产生着极为重要的影响.然而,依其市场规模和显在的经济实力,实际访华的日本客源市场规模远未达到预期,这对中国在今后争取更大的日本客源市场乃至亚洲客源市场来说,是一个值得探讨的课题.本文想透过该问题的研究,全面分析访华日本国际客源市场的状况,并据此为中国在争取日本国际客源市场方面提供一个科学的参考依据.     

经济增加值:企业财务决策的方向标

经济增加值(EVA)源于剩余收益(RI)模型。EVA实际上是资本效率与资本额之积,是投资、并购的决策依据。市场增加值MVA,PGV和EVA的结合,可以为投资决策提供全面的方向性指导。杜邦分析法和EVA的结合为传统的经营决策提供了必要的补充。在我国资本市场不完善和企业本身财务数据不真实的情况下,用EVA作为财务决策的方向标具有现实意义。     

沪深300股指期货市场弱式有效性检验

市场有效性是衡量股指期货市场发展质量的最重要指标之一。本文采用2010年4月16日－2014年4月17日的日频交易数据,运用 wild bootstrap 自动方差比检验、广义谱检验和Dominguez－Lobato检验等方法,对沪深300股指期货市场的弱式有效性进行检验。这些方法允许未知形式的条件异方差和小样本的存在,能够检测出序列的线性相关性和非线性相关性。检验结果表明我国股指期货市场达到了弱式有效,这主要归因于风险控制的有效实施、长期资金的入市和市场效率的提升。     

金融控股集团的双重财务杠杆风险分析

国内商业银行近年资产扩张迅速且坏账率居高不下,普遍出现了资本充足率不足的情况,一些新兴的金融控股集团开始效仿国外的做法,采用风险较大的双重财务杠杆来为子银行补充资本金。本文以中信控股有限责任公司2003年底为中信实业银行融资补充60亿资本金为案例,介绍双重财务杠杆的使用手法和潜在的风险,以期为认识和防范双重财务杠杠风险提供借鉴。     

对我国股市市盈率与非流通股问题的思考

我国股票市场的市盈率由于上市公司股权的分割而高企,而高企的市盈率会对今后股票市场及经济的稳定发展产生消极的影响。非流通股在二级市场的流通可以降低股市的市盈率并且改善上市公司的股权结构,在解决非流通股流通时要兼顾各方的利益。     

再生细骨料取代率对再生混凝土抗压强度的影响

建筑废弃物经过除杂、二次破碎可以得到粒径范围为0-4.75mm的再生细骨料。本文研究了不同水灰比条件下,再生细骨料取代率对再生混凝土抗压强度的影响。结果表明:当再生细骨料取代率由10%增加到40%时,再生混凝土7天抗压强度逐渐降低。再生混凝土28天抗压强度随着再生细骨料取代率的增加逐渐降低,取代率在50%以下时,28天抗压强度降低幅度较小且满足设计要求。再生细骨料用于实际工程中,其社会效益和经济效益十分可观。